Antimicrobial Resistance Analysis and Whole-Genome Sequencing of Salmonella Isolates from Environmental Sewage - Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China, 2022-2023.

What is already known about this topic?: S.1,4,[5],12:i:- and S. Rissen are emerging serotypes of Salmonella that require close monitoring for antimicrobial resistance and containment of their spread. What is added by this report?: The study aimed to identify antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in S.1,4,[5],12:i:- and S. Rissen strains isolated from environmental sewage in Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using single nucleotide polymorphism data to assess genetic relatedness among strains, offering insights for Salmonella infection outbreak investigations in the future. What are the implications for public health practice?: It is crucial to implement strategies, such as integrating different networks, to control the spread of drug-resistant Salmonella. Novel technologies must be utilized to disinfect sewage and eliminate ARGs. Ensuring food safety and proper sewage disinfection are essential to curb the dissemination of Salmonella.

Bacteria and poisonous plants/fungi were the primary causative hazards of foodborne disease outbreaks: A five-year survey from Guangzhou, Guangdong.

The burden of foodborne diseases is of serious concern. More effective and localized intervention policies for outbreak prevention and management are required; however, policy modification is hampered due to a lack of information on the epidemiological characteristics of outbreaks in Guangzhou. We collected data from 182 foodborne disease outbreaks reported in Guangzhou, China from 2017 to 2021 to investigate the epidemiological characteristics and associated factors. Nine outbreaks were serious enough to be labelled as level IV public health emergencies, all of which were associated with canteens. In terms of the number of outbreaks, morbidity and clinical medical needs, bacteria and poisonous plants/fungi were the primary causative hazards of outbreaks, and were found mostly in foodservice establishments (96 %, 95/99) and private homes (86 %, 37/43) respectively. Surprisingly, Vibrio parahaemolyticus was primarily identified in meat and poultry products rather than in aquatic products in these outbreaks. Patient specimens and food samples were among the most common sources of detected pathogens in foodservice establishments and private homes. Cross-contamination (35 %), improper processing (32 %) and equipment/utensil contamination (30 %) were the top three risk factors for outbreaks related to foodservice establishments, while accidental ingestion of poisonous food (78 %) was the most common risk factor in private homes. Based on the above epidemiological characteristics of the outbreaks, key foodborne disease intervention policy points should be to raise public awareness of harmful food and avoid risk behaviour, improve handler hygiene training, and strengthen the hygiene management and supervision of kitchens, especially canteens in collective units.

CircNPHP4 in monocyte-derived small extracellular vesicles controls heterogeneous adhesion in coronary heart atherosclerotic disease.

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs)-derived circular RNAs (circRNAs) could regulate gene expression in recipient cells, and dysregulation of sEVs-derived circRNAs has been implicated in several diseases. However, the expression and function of sEVs-derived circRNAs in coronary heart atherosclerotic disease (CAD) remain unknown. In this study, we investigated global changes in the expression patterns of circRNAs in sEVs from CAD-related monocytes and identified circNPHP4 as a significantly upregulated circRNA. Knockdown of circNPHP4 inhibited heterogeneous adhesion between monocytes and coronary artery endothelial cells and reduced ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression. Investigations of the underlying mechanisms revealed that circNPHP4 contains a functional miR-1231-binding site. Mutation of the circNPHP4-binding sites in miR-1231 abolished the interaction, as indicated by a luciferase reporter assay. Furthermore, circNPHP4 affected the expression of miR-1231 and its target gene EGFR. Overexpression of miR-1231 blocked the inhibitory effect of circNPHP4 on heterogeneous adhesion. Moreover, downregulation of miR-1231 restored heterogeneous adhesion upon inhibition by circNPHP4 silencing. Additionally, circNPHP4 overexpression was correlated with aggressive clinicopathological characteristics in CAD patients. A multivariate logistic regression model and bootstrapping validation showed that circNPHP4 overexpression had a good risk prediction capability for CAD. The decision curve analysis revealed that using the CAD nomogram that included circNPHP4 overexpression to predict the risk of CAD was beneficial. Our results suggest that sEVs-derived circNPHP4 can serve as a potential target for CAD treatments or as a potential diagnostic marker for CAD patients.

MiR-1-3p Suppresses Colorectal Cancer Cell Proliferation and Metastasis by Inhibiting YWHAZ-Mediated Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition.

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is regarded as one of the most common malignancies in the world. MiR-1-3p was reported to be a tumor suppressor in CRC. However, the mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. METHODS: To identify CRC-associated miRNA, microarray data set GSE30454 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GEO), and miR-1-3p was screened out as a candidate. The expression of miR-1-3p was detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in CRC cell lines and tissues. CCK-8 assay and transwell invasion assay were performed to determine CRC cell line proliferation and invasion, respectively. The levels of YWHAZ and EMT-associated proteins were detected using western blotting. RESULTS: Bioinformatic analysis showed that miR-1-3p was downregulated in CRC tissues, which is verified by our experimental validation. The overexpression of miR-1-3p significantly suppressed CRC cell proliferation and invasion. Further studies showed that YWHAZ was a direct target of miR-1-3p and mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) modulated by miR-1-3p. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrated that miR-1-3p suppresses colorectal cancer cell proliferation and metastasis through regulating YWHAZ-mediated EMT, which may support a novel therapeutic strategy for CRC patients.